05-lru-cache: implement mutex-guarded LRU over container/list

map[string]*list.Element + doubly linked list; Get/Put move hits to the
front, Put evicts from the back when at capacity, and every method
(including Len) takes the mutex.

Add TestLenRacesWithPut, which calls Len concurrently with a writer —
the existing test only read Len after wg.Wait(), so an unsynchronized
Len would never trip the race detector there.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Fable 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Claude-Session: https://claude.ai/code/session_012MpK9niZm4jcs3mAJbxMfi

05-lru-cache/main.go

@@ -16,43 +16,88 @@
 // Run the tests:   go test -race ./05-lru-cache/
 package main
 
-import "fmt"
+import (
+	"container/list"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+)
 
+type entry struct {
+	key string
+	val any
+}
 type LRU struct {
 	// TODO: fields (mutex, capacity, map[string]*list.Element, *list.List)
 	// Remember: the list element must store the KEY too, or you can't
 	// delete the map entry on eviction.
+	mu       sync.Mutex
+	capacity int
+	lruList  *list.List
+	kvMap    map[string]*list.Element
 }
 
 // NewLRU creates an LRU cache with the given capacity (capacity >= 1).
 // TODO: implement me.
 func NewLRU(capacity int) *LRU {
-	return &LRU{}
+	return &LRU{capacity: capacity, lruList: list.New(), kvMap: make(map[string]*list.Element)}
 }
 
 // Get returns the value and whether it was present. Hit = mark MRU.
 // TODO: implement me.
 func (c *LRU) Get(key string) (any, bool) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if el, ok := c.kvMap[key]; ok {
+		c.lruList.MoveToFront(el)
+		return el.Value.(*entry).val, true
+	}
+
 	return nil, false
 }
 
 // Put inserts/updates a value, evicting the LRU entry if over capacity.
 // TODO: implement me.
 func (c *LRU) Put(key string, val any) {
+	// lock mutex
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	// if key exists, update value and move it to the front of the list and return/quit
+	if el, ok := c.kvMap[key]; ok {
+		c.lruList.MoveToFront(el)
+		el.Value.(*entry).val = val
+		return
+	}
+
+	// if len > capacity, remove the last element from both the list and the map
+	if c.lruList.Len() >= c.capacity {
+		// remove last element from list
+		lastEl := c.lruList.Back()
+		c.lruList.Remove(lastEl)
+		// remove it by key from map
+		delete(c.kvMap, lastEl.Value.(*entry).key)
+	}
+
+	// if key doesn't exist, insert'
+	el := c.lruList.PushFront(&entry{key: key, val: val})
+	c.kvMap[key] = el
+
 }
 
 // Len returns the current number of entries.
 // TODO: implement me.
 func (c *LRU) Len() int {
-	return 0
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	return c.lruList.Len()
 }
 
 func main() {
 	c := NewLRU(2)
 	c.Put("a", 1)
 	c.Put("b", 2)
-	c.Get("a")      // a is now MRU
-	c.Put("c", 3)   // evicts b
+	c.Get("a")    // a is now MRU
+	c.Put("c", 3) // evicts b
 	_, ok := c.Get("b")
 	fmt.Println("b present:", ok) // false
 }

05-lru-cache/main_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
+	"time"
 )
 
 func TestBasicPutGet(t *testing.T) {
@@ -82,3 +83,42 @@ func TestConcurrentAccess(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("capacity exceeded under concurrency: %d", c.Len())
 	}
 }
+
+// TestLenRacesWithPut calls Len concurrently WITH writers, not after them.
+// TestConcurrentAccess only reads Len after wg.Wait(), which establishes
+// happens-before with every writer — so an unsynchronized Len can't race
+// there. The race detector reports only races that actually occur.
+func TestLenRacesWithPut(t *testing.T) {
+	c := NewLRU(64)
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() { // writer
+		defer wg.Done()
+		for i := 0; ; i++ {
+			select {
+			case <-done:
+				return
+			default:
+				c.Put(fmt.Sprintf("k%d", i%128), i)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	wg.Add(1)
+	go func() { // reader, concurrently
+		defer wg.Done()
+		for i := 0; i < 10000; i++ {
+			if n := c.Len(); n > 64 {
+				t.Errorf("Len observed %d > capacity 64 (mid-Put state leaked)", n)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	go func() { wg.Wait() }()
+	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+	close(done)
+	wg.Wait()
+}