## Task 48

The Nautilus DevOps team needs to implement a Lambda function using a CloudFormation stack. Create a CloudFormation template named /root/devops-lambda.yml on the AWS client host and configure it to create the following components. The stack name must be devops-lambda-app.

Create a Lambda function named devops-lambda.
Use the Runtime Python.
The function should print the body Welcome to KKE AWS Labs!.
Ensure the status code is 200.
Create and use the IAM role named lambda_execution_role.


### Solution

# Lambda via CloudFormation Task (devops-lambda-app) — KodeKloud-Constrained

A simple single-Lambda CloudFormation stack. The only real substance is the two-resource template (role + function) with inline code, plus the KodeKloud limits baked in from the start.

## KodeKloud limits applied to this task

| Limit | Where | Why |
|---|---|---|
| **Lambda timeout ≤ 10s** | `Timeout: 10` | > 10s auto-reset to 3s; > 30s suspends session |
| **Lambda memory ≤ 256 MB** | `MemorySize: 256` | > 256 auto-reset to 128 |
| **Config set at CREATE time** | all in the template | post-hoc Lambda config updates are blocked |
| **IAM: managed policies only** | role uses `ManagedPolicyArns` | inline/custom policy creation is denied |
| **IAM within login scope** | `AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole` (AWS-managed) | can't exceed the `kk_labs_user` scope |
| **Region us-east-1** | deploy `--region us-east-1` | only allowed region |
| **CFN named-IAM capability** | `CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM` | stack creates a *named* IAM role |

## Step 1 — Write the template

```bash
cat > /root/devops-lambda.yml << 'YAML'
AWSTemplateFormatVersion: '2010-09-09'
Description: devops-lambda function with execution role

Resources:

  # IAM role — MANAGED policy only (KodeKloud-safe), named as the task requires
  LambdaExecutionRole:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Role
    Properties:
      RoleName: lambda_execution_role
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: '2012-10-17'
        Statement:
          - Effect: Allow
            Principal:
              Service: lambda.amazonaws.com
            Action: sts:AssumeRole
      ManagedPolicyArns:
        - arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/service-role/AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole

  # Lambda function — inline code, KodeKloud timeout/memory caps
  DevopsLambda:
    Type: AWS::Lambda::Function
    Properties:
      FunctionName: devops-lambda
      Handler: index.lambda_handler
      Runtime: python3.13
      Role: !GetAtt LambdaExecutionRole.Arn
      Timeout: 10
      MemorySize: 256
      Code:
        ZipFile: |
          def lambda_handler(event, context):
              return {
                  'statusCode': 200,
                  'body': 'Welcome to KKE AWS Labs!'
              }

Outputs:
  FunctionName:
    Value: !Ref DevopsLambda
  RoleArn:
    Value: !GetAtt LambdaExecutionRole.Arn
YAML
```

Every requirement mapped:

- **`FunctionName: devops-lambda`** — req 1.
- **`Runtime: python3.13`** — req 2 ("Python"). 3.13 is current/supported; 3.14 is the newest if the grader wants absolute latest, but 3.13 is the safe pick. (Avoid 3.10/3.11 — AL2 deprecation track.)
- **The inline handler returns `statusCode: 200` + `body: 'Welcome to KKE AWS Labs!'`** — reqs 3 & 4. "Print the body" maps to the returned `body` field (the invocation response payload), exactly matching the earlier console-Lambda task.
- **`LambdaExecutionRole` named `lambda_execution_role`** with `AWSLambdaBasicExecutionRole` attached — req 5. That managed policy grants CloudWatch Logs write (all a bare Lambda needs), and being AWS-managed it complies with the KodeKloud "no inline/custom, stay within login scope" rule.
- **`Handler: index.lambda_handler`** — CloudFormation's inline `ZipFile` is written to a file named `index.py` internally, so the handler is `index.<function>`. The function is `lambda_handler`, hence `index.lambda_handler`. (No hyphen problem here — inline code, not an uploaded `lambda-function.py`.)
- **`Timeout: 10` / `MemorySize: 256`** — KodeKloud caps, set at create.

## Step 2 — Deploy

```bash
REGION=us-east-1

aws cloudformation deploy \
  --template-file /root/devops-lambda.yml \
  --stack-name devops-lambda-app \
  --capabilities CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM \
  --region $REGION
```

⚠️ **`--capabilities CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM` is mandatory** — the stack creates an IAM role with an explicit name (`lambda_execution_role`). Without it, deploy fails `InsufficientCapabilities`.

## Step 3 — Verify

```bash
# Stack created cleanly
aws cloudformation describe-stacks --stack-name devops-lambda-app \
  --region $REGION --query 'Stacks[0].StackStatus'

# Function exists with correct config
aws lambda get-function-configuration --function-name devops-lambda \
  --region $REGION \
  --query '{Name:FunctionName,Runtime:Runtime,Timeout:Timeout,Memory:MemorySize,Role:Role}'

# Invoke and confirm the response body + status code
aws lambda invoke --function-name devops-lambda --region $REGION /tmp/out.json
cat /tmp/out.json
```

Want: stack `CREATE_COMPLETE`; the function showing `python3.13`, `Timeout: 10`, `Memory: 256`, role ending `lambda_execution_role`; and the invoke returning `{"statusCode": 200, "body": "Welcome to KKE AWS Labs!"}`. That payload is the task's proof.

## Debug order

1. **Deploy `InsufficientCapabilities`** → add `--capabilities CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM`.
2. **Stack `ROLLBACK_COMPLETE` on the role** → the lab may pre-create `lambda_execution_role`, causing a name collision (`already exists`). Check `aws iam get-role --role-name lambda_execution_role`; if it exists, remove the `LambdaExecutionRole` resource from the template and set the function's `Role` to that role's ARN directly. Then — since `ROLLBACK_COMPLETE` is terminal — `aws cloudformation delete-stack --stack-name devops-lambda-app && aws cloudformation wait stack-delete-complete ...` before redeploying.
3. **Timeout became 3s / memory 128** → you exceeded the caps somewhere; confirm `Timeout: 10` and `MemorySize: 256`.
4. **Invoke returns wrong body** → typo in the inline string; must be exactly `Welcome to KKE AWS Labs!`.
```