docs: rewrite CLAUDE.md to house conventions, fix flows.md and README
- CLAUDE.md in five sections with Go, testing, plan, changelog, branching and tagging rules; known sharp edges moved to Gotchas - docs/flows.md: metrics are served on :8080, name collisions are rejected by the API server, last-cert deletion never cleans up - README moved to the repo root, deploy command corrected Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
Claude Opus 5.5
+493
@@ -0,0 +1,493 @@
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# Runtime Flows
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Deep-dive reference for every control path in the gateway-cert-operator. Complements the user-facing overview in `docs/README.md`.
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---
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## 1. Overview
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The operator sits between two Kubernetes APIs and keeps them in sync:
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```
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+--------------------+ +------------------------+
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| cert-manager | | gateway-cert-operator |
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| Certificate |----(watches)-------->| (this binary) |
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| (source of | | |
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| truth for TLS) | +----------+-------------+
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+--------------------+ |
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| patches Spec.Listeners
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v
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+--------------------+ +------------------------+
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| Gateway API | | Gateway |
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| controller |<----(watches)--------| (target object) |
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| (routes traffic) | +------------------------+
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+--------------------+
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```
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The operator makes no changes to cert-manager objects. Its only write action is a `PATCH` on `Gateway.Spec.Listeners`. All other interactions are reads.
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---
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## 2. Startup Flow
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Executed once at process start (`main.go`):
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```
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process start
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│
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├─ init() [main.go:22-26]
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│ ├─ clientgoscheme.AddToScheme(scheme) # core/v1: Secrets, Events, …
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│ ├─ cmv1.AddToScheme(scheme) # cert-manager.io/v1 Certificate
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│ └─ gwapiv1.Install(scheme) # gateway.networking.k8s.io/v1 Gateway
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│
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└─ main() [main.go:28]
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│
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├─ flag.StringVar --metrics-bind-address default ":8080" [main.go:32]
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├─ flag.StringVar --health-probe-bind-address default ":8081" [main.go:33]
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├─ flag.Parse() [main.go:34]
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│
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├─ ctrl.SetLogger(zap, UseDevMode=true, AddCaller) [main.go:36-41]
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│ dev-mode console logger with file:line call site
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│
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├─ ctrl.GetConfigOrDie() # KUBECONFIG or in-cluster config
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│ on err ──► os.Exit(1)
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│
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├─ ctrl.NewManager(cfg, Options{Scheme, HealthProbeBindAddress: ":8081"})
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│ on err ──► log + os.Exit(1) [main.go:44-47]
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│ NOTE: metricsAddr is parsed above but NOT passed here;
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│ the manager falls back to its own default, which
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│ is also ":8080" (see §10, item 2)
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│
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├─ controller.SetupCertificateReconciler(mgr) [main.go:53]
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│ registers field index + watches (see §3)
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│ on err ──► log + os.Exit(1)
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│
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├─ mgr.AddHealthzCheck("healthz", healthz.Ping) → GET /healthz:8081
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├─ mgr.AddReadyzCheck("readyz", healthz.Ping) → GET /readyz:8081
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│ on err ──► log + os.Exit(1)
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│
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└─ mgr.Start(ctrl.SetupSignalHandler()) [main.go:68]
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SetupSignalHandler installs SIGINT / SIGTERM cancel
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mgr.Start blocks; on shutdown → graceful stop
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on err ──► log + os.Exit(1)
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```
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---
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## 3. Watch Wiring and Event Sources
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`SetupCertificateReconciler` registers two watches before starting the controller
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(`certificate_controller.go:59-63`):
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```
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controller-runtime manager
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│
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├─ For(&cmv1.Certificate{}) primary watch
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│ every Certificate create/update/delete
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│ ──► enqueue Reconcile(cert.Namespace/cert.Name)
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│
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└─ Watches(&gwapiv1.Gateway{},
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EnqueueRequestsFromMapFunc(r.gatewayToCertificates))
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secondary watch
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every Gateway create/update/delete
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──► gatewayToCertificates maps Gateway → []Certificates
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──► enqueue Reconcile for each matching Certificate
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```
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Full trigger table:
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| ID | Event | Enqueued object | Code path |
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|----|-------|-----------------|-----------|
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| E1 | Certificate **create** | that Certificate | primary watch |
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| E2 | Certificate **update** (any field — no predicate filter) | that Certificate | primary watch |
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| E3 | Certificate **delete** | that Certificate | primary watch |
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| E4 | Gateway **create / update / delete** | every Certificate targeting it (via field index) | secondary watch + `gatewayToCertificates` |
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| E5 | Reconcile returns non-nil error | same Certificate | controller-runtime rate-limited backoff re-queue |
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| E6 | Controller-runtime cache resync (~10 h default) | every known Certificate | implicit periodic replay |
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---
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## 4. Field Index
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The field index is the only mechanism that lets the operator find all Certificates pointing at a given Gateway without scanning the entire namespace. It is registered during setup and queried in two places.
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```
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IndexFieldGatewayTarget = ".metadata.annotations.gatewayTarget"
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(identifier used by controller-runtime; no annotation by this name exists)
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Indexer function (certificate_controller.go:44-55):
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ for each Certificate obj: │
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│ gwName = obj.Annotations["…/gateway-name"] │
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│ if gwName == "" → return nil (not indexed) │
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│ gwNs = obj.Annotations["…/gateway-namespace"] │
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│ if gwNs == "" → gwNs = obj.Namespace (fallback) │
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│ return [ "<gwNs>/<gwName>" ] │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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Key shape: "<targetGatewayNamespace>/<targetGatewayName>"
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Two query sites:
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┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ Reconcile [certificate_controller.go:95-99] │
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│ List(Certs, MatchingFields{index: "<gwNs>/<gwName>"})│
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│ returns all sibling Certs targeting the same GW │
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└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ gatewayToCertificates [certificate_controller.go:138]│
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│ List(Certs, MatchingFields{index: "<gw.Ns>/<gw.Name>"})│
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│ used by the secondary watch to fan-out GW events │
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│ to the relevant Certs │
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└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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The namespace-fallback rule (`gwNs = obj.Namespace` when the annotation is absent) is duplicated in two places: the indexer (`:51-53`) and `Reconcile` (`:89-91`). Both must apply the same rule or the index key used during write will differ from the key used during lookup.
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---
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## 5. Reconcile Decision Tree
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Every enqueued item arrives here. Inputs: one `Reconcile.Request` containing the namespace/name of a Certificate. Side effects: 0 or 1 `PATCH` on a Gateway.
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```
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Reconcile(ctx, req)
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│
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├─(A) r.Get(ctx, req.NamespacedName, &cert) [controller:71]
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│ │
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│ ├─ NotFound ──► client.IgnoreNotFound → nil err
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│ │ return Result{}, nil ►► STOP — NO ACTION
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│ │
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│ │ ┌─ IMPORTANT: the deleted cert's listener is NOT removed here.
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│ │ │ The controller has no record of which Gateway was targeted.
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│ │ │ Cleanup happens on the next E2/E4/E6 event for any sibling
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│ │ │ cert that still references the same Gateway — at that point
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│ │ │ BuildListenersFromCertificates omits the deleted cert and
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│ │ │ MergeListeners replaces all auto-* listeners. Until that
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│ │ │ event fires, the stale listener remains in the Gateway.
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│ │ │ (See §10, item 3 for details.)
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│ │ └───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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│ │
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│ └─ other error ──► return Result{}, err ►► REQUEUE (E5)
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│
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├─(B) gwName, ok := cert.Annotations["…/gateway-name"] [controller:82]
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│ │
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│ └─ !ok ──► log V(1) "missing gateway annotation"
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│ return Result{}, nil ►► STOP — NO ACTION
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│
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├─(C) gwNamespace := cert.Annotations["…/gateway-namespace"] [controller:88]
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│ └─ if "" ──► gwNamespace = cert.Namespace (DEFAULT FALLBACK)
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│
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├─(D) r.List(ctx, &certList, [controller:95]
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│ MatchingFields{IndexFieldGatewayTarget: "<gwNs>/<gwName>"})
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│ │
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│ └─ err ──► return Result{}, err ►► REQUEUE
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│
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├─(E) desiredListeners :=
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│ gw.BuildListenersFromCertificates(certList.Items, "auto-")
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│ (see §6a) [controller:102]
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│
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├─(F) r.Get(ctx, {gwNs, gwName}, &gateway) [controller:106]
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│ │
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│ └─ err (including NotFound) ──► return Result{}, err ►► REQUEUE
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│
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│ NOTE: Gateway-not-found is NOT specially handled — the
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│ reconciler will retry with backoff indefinitely. A typo'd
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│ gateway-name annotation produces a perpetual retry loop.
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│ (See §10, item 5.)
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│
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├─(G) updated := gw.MergeListeners( [controller:111]
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│ gateway.Spec.Listeners,
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│ desiredListeners, "auto-")
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│ (see §6b)
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│
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├─(H) gw.ListenersEqual(gateway.Spec.Listeners, updated) [controller:113]
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│ │
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│ └─ true ──► log V(1) "already up to date"
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│ return Result{}, nil ►► SHORT-CIRCUIT — NO PATCH
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│
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├─(I) patch := client.MergeFrom(gateway.DeepCopy()) [controller:118]
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│ gateway.Spec.Listeners = updated
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│ r.Patch(ctx, &gateway, patch) [controller:120]
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│ │
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│ └─ err ──► return Result{}, err ►► REQUEUE
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│
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└─(J) log Info "patched gateway listeners" [controller:124]
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return Result{}, nil ►► DONE
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Cluster I/O per reconcile:
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Reads: 1 Certificate Get (step A)
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1 Certificate List via index (step D)
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1 Gateway Get (step F)
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Writes: 0 or 1 Gateway Patch (step I, only when listeners changed)
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```
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---
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## 6. Build / Merge / Equal Pipeline
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The three pure functions in `internal/gateway/patch.go` do all computation. `Reconcile` only calls them; it holds no business logic of its own.
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```
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certList.Items
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│
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v
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BuildListenersFromCertificates(certs, "auto-") [patch.go:22]
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│
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└──► desired []gwapiv1.Listener
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│
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│ gateway.Spec.Listeners (current state from API server)
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│ │
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v v
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MergeListeners(existing, desired, "auto-") [patch.go:76]
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│
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└──► updated []gwapiv1.Listener
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│
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v
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ListenersEqual(gateway.Spec.Listeners, updated) [patch.go:93]
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│
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├─ true ──► short-circuit, no patch
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└─ false ──► Patch(gateway)
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```
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### 6a. BuildListenersFromCertificates
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```
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for cert in certs:
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│
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├─ if cert.DeletionTimestamp != nil ──► skip [patch.go:26]
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│ (cert is being deleted; omitting it removes its listeners
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│ from the desired set and MergeListeners will drop them)
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│
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├─ if cert.Spec.SecretName == "" ──► skip [patch.go:30]
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│
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└─ for dns in cert.Spec.DNSNames: [patch.go:34]
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│
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└─ emit Listener{
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Name: "auto-<certName>-<sanitized-dns>"
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Hostname: dns
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Port: 443 (hardcoded, see §8)
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Protocol: HTTPS
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AllowedRoutes: { From: All }
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TLS: {
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Mode: Terminate
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CertificateRefs: [{
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Group: "" (core)
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Kind: "Secret"
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Name: cert.Spec.SecretName
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Namespace: cert.Namespace (same as cert)
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}]
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}
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}
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sort by Name ascending [patch.go:67]
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(deterministic order prevents spurious diffs on every reconcile)
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```
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### 6b. MergeListeners
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```
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existing listeners
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│
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├─ Name starts with "auto-" ──► DROP (managed, will be replaced)
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└─ Name does NOT start with "auto-" ──► KEEP (user-managed)
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merged = [kept user listeners] + [all desired auto-* listeners]
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```
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The result: user-created listeners appear first in their original order; operator-managed listeners follow, sorted by name.
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**Edge case:** a user-created listener whose name happens to start with `auto-` will be treated as managed and will be deleted on the next reconcile.
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### 6c. ListenersEqual
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`ListenersEqual` is a **partial comparison** — only the fields the operator actively manages are checked:
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| Compared | Ignored |
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|----------|---------|
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| listener `Name` | `Protocol` |
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| `Hostname` | `AllowedRoutes` |
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| `Port` | `TLS.Options` |
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| first `CertificateRef` (`<ns>/<name>`) | cert refs beyond index 0 |
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| | `Group`, `Kind` of ref |
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Drift in an ignored field will not trigger a corrective patch. For example: if someone manually flips the Protocol of an auto-managed listener from HTTPS to HTTP, the operator will consider it "equal" and leave it alone.
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The comparison is done via a name-keyed map (`listenerMap`, `patch.go:118`), so listener order does not affect the result.
|
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---
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## 7. Listener Naming and Sanitization
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`listenerNameFor` (`patch.go:143`):
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```
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input: prefix="auto-" certName="my-app-cert" dnsName="app.example.com"
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|
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step 1: replace every "." with "-"
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"app.example.com" ──► "app-example-com"
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step 2: concatenate
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"auto-" + "my-app-cert" + "-" + "app-example-com"
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──► "auto-my-app-cert-app-example-com"
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step 3: if len > 253 bytes: name = name[:253] (hard byte slice)
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```
|
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|
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Example outputs for a cert with two DNS names:
|
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|
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| `dnsName` | listener `Name` |
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|-----------|-----------------|
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| `app.example.com` | `auto-my-app-cert-app-example-com` |
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| `*.example.com` | `auto-my-app-cert-*-example-com` |
|
||||
|
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The second entry is a risk: `*` is not valid in a Gateway API `SectionName` (which must match RFC 1123). The API server will reject the patch and the reconciler will requeue forever (see §10, item 7).
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||||
The sanitization is also lossy: `a.b.com` and `a-b-com` produce the same result. If a certificate lists both, two listeners with the same name are appended; the API server rejects the patch (listener names must be unique), so no listener on that Gateway is updated.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 8. Defaults Baked In
|
||||
|
||||
All of these are hardcoded in `internal/gateway/patch.go`. None are configurable via annotations (the `listener-port` annotation exists as a constant but is not read — see §10, item 1).
|
||||
|
||||
| Property | Value | Source |
|
||||
|----------|-------|--------|
|
||||
| Listener port | `443` | `defaultPort` `patch.go:13` |
|
||||
| TLS mode | `TLSModeTerminate` | `tlsModeTerminate` `patch.go:14` |
|
||||
| Allowed routes | `NamespacesFromAll` | `namespacesFromAll` `patch.go:15` |
|
||||
| Protocol | `HTTPSProtocolType` | inline `patch.go:45` |
|
||||
| CertificateRef Group | `""` (core API group) | `patch.go:55` |
|
||||
| CertificateRef Kind | `"Secret"` | `patch.go:56` |
|
||||
| Secret namespace | cert's own namespace | `patch.go:39,58` |
|
||||
| Listener name prefix | `"auto-"` | `ListenerPrefix` `controller:28` |
|
||||
| SectionName max length | 253 bytes | `patch.go:147` |
|
||||
| Gateway namespace fallback | cert's own namespace | `controller:51-53` and `controller:89-91` |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 9. End-to-End Scenarios
|
||||
|
||||
### Scenario 1 — First Certificate created, Gateway has no auto-listeners
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
1. User creates Certificate "my-cert" (namespace: default)
|
||||
Annotations: gateway-name=my-gateway
|
||||
Spec: dnsNames=[app.example.com], secretName=my-cert-tls
|
||||
|
||||
2. (E1) Cert create event fires → Reconcile(default/my-cert)
|
||||
|
||||
3. (A) Get cert → found
|
||||
(B) gateway-name="my-gateway" → ok
|
||||
(C) gateway-namespace missing → fallback to "default"
|
||||
(D) List certs by index "default/my-gateway" → [my-cert]
|
||||
(E) BuildListeners → [Listener{Name:"auto-my-cert-app-example-com", Port:443, …}]
|
||||
(F) Get gateway "default/my-gateway" → found, Listeners=[]
|
||||
(G) MergeListeners([], desired) → [auto-my-cert-app-example-com]
|
||||
(H) ListenersEqual([], updated) → false (len differs)
|
||||
(I) Patch gateway → Spec.Listeners=[auto-my-cert-app-example-com]
|
||||
(J) Done. Log: "patched gateway listeners"
|
||||
|
||||
Cluster writes: 1 Gateway PATCH
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Scenario 2 — Second Certificate added for the same Gateway
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
1. User creates Certificate "other-cert" targeting the same Gateway
|
||||
dnsNames=[api.example.com], secretName=other-cert-tls
|
||||
|
||||
2. (E1) Reconcile(default/other-cert)
|
||||
|
||||
3. (D) List certs by index "default/my-gateway" → [my-cert, other-cert]
|
||||
(E) BuildListeners → [
|
||||
auto-my-cert-app-example-com,
|
||||
auto-other-cert-api-example-com
|
||||
] (sorted alphabetically by name)
|
||||
(F) Gateway still has [auto-my-cert-app-example-com]
|
||||
(G) MergeListeners → [auto-my-cert-app-example-com,
|
||||
auto-other-cert-api-example-com]
|
||||
(H) ListenersEqual(old 1-item, new 2-item) → false
|
||||
(I) Patch → Gateway now has both listeners
|
||||
|
||||
Cluster writes: 1 Gateway PATCH
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Scenario 3 — Certificate dnsNames updated
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
1. User edits "my-cert": dnsNames=[app.example.com] → [app.example.com, www.example.com]
|
||||
|
||||
2. (E2) Cert update event → Reconcile(default/my-cert)
|
||||
|
||||
3. (E) BuildListeners produces TWO listeners for my-cert now:
|
||||
auto-my-cert-app-example-com
|
||||
auto-my-cert-www-example-com
|
||||
(plus any from other-cert if still present)
|
||||
(H) ListenersEqual: len changed → false
|
||||
(I) Patch gateway with new full set
|
||||
|
||||
Cluster writes: 1 Gateway PATCH
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Scenario 4 — Certificate deleted
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
1. User deletes "my-cert"
|
||||
|
||||
2. (E3) Cert delete event → Reconcile(default/my-cert)
|
||||
|
||||
3. (A) Get cert → NotFound
|
||||
return Result{}, nil ──► STOP, NO ACTION
|
||||
|
||||
4. Gateway still contains "auto-my-cert-app-example-com" — stale.
|
||||
|
||||
5. Cleanup happens only when the next relevant event fires:
|
||||
- If "other-cert" is updated or created → (E2) Reconcile(other-cert)
|
||||
(D) List by index returns [other-cert] only (my-cert is gone)
|
||||
(E) BuildListeners → only other-cert's listeners
|
||||
(G) MergeListeners drops the stale auto-my-cert-* listener
|
||||
(I) Patch removes it
|
||||
- OR if the Gateway is manually edited → (E4) all targeting Certs
|
||||
re-enqueued, same convergence path
|
||||
- OR on the next cache resync (E6, ~10 h)
|
||||
|
||||
Every path above needs at least one surviving Certificate that targets
|
||||
the Gateway. If my-cert was the last one, nothing is ever enqueued for
|
||||
it and the stale listener stays until someone removes it by hand.
|
||||
|
||||
Cluster writes: 0 at deletion time; 1 Gateway PATCH at next sibling event
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 10. Known Limitations
|
||||
|
||||
Recorded as-found. None are fixed by this document.
|
||||
|
||||
**1. `AnnotationListenerPort` is dead code**
|
||||
`certificate_controller.go:25` declares the constant; `BuildListenersFromCertificates` (`patch.go:44`) always uses `defaultPort = 443`. Setting `gateway-cert-operator.io/listener-port` on a Certificate has no effect.
|
||||
|
||||
**2. `--metrics-bind-address` flag is parsed but not wired**
|
||||
`main.go:32` parses the flag; `main.go:44-47` never passes `MetricsBindAddress` to `ctrl.Options`. controller-runtime defaults an empty bind address to `:8080`, so metrics are served and the Service in `deploy/service_gateway-cert-operator-metrics.yaml` works; only changing the flag has no effect.
|
||||
|
||||
**3. No finalizer → cert deletion leaves stale listeners**
|
||||
When a Certificate is deleted, Reconcile returns early at branch (A) with no cluster write. The stale `auto-*` listener persists in the Gateway until a sibling event triggers re-convergence (see Scenario 4 above), or permanently if no other Certificate targets that Gateway. Adding a finalizer to the Certificate would close this gap by allowing cleanup before the object is removed from the API server.
|
||||
|
||||
**4. `ListenersEqual` is a partial comparison**
|
||||
Described in §6c. Drift in `Protocol`, `AllowedRoutes`, `TLS.Options`, or any `CertificateRef` beyond the first will not be detected or corrected.
|
||||
|
||||
**5. Gateway-not-found retries forever**
|
||||
Branch (F) of Reconcile treats all Gateway `Get` errors the same (including `NotFound`) and returns them as re-queue-able errors. A Certificate with a typo'd `gateway-name` annotation will retry with rate-limited backoff indefinitely, generating log noise and API load. There is no terminal failure path.
|
||||
|
||||
**6. No leader election**
|
||||
`ctrl.NewManager` at `main.go:44` does not set `LeaderElection: true`. The `deploy/deployment_gateway-cert-operator.yaml` runs `replicas: 1` which makes this safe today. Scaling to multiple replicas without enabling leader election would result in concurrent Gateway patches.
|
||||
|
||||
**7. `listenerNameFor` edge cases**
|
||||
- **Wildcard hostnames**: `*.example.com` produces `SectionName` `auto-…-*-example-com`. The `*` character is not valid in an RFC 1123 label; the Gateway API server will reject the Patch, causing an error-retry loop.
|
||||
- **Collisions after sanitization**: `a.b.com` and `a-b-com` produce identical sanitized names. The same happens across certificates (cert `a` with `b-c.com` and cert `a-b` with `c.com`) and across namespaces, since the name omits the cert namespace. Both listeners are appended and the API server rejects the patch for the whole Gateway.
|
||||
- **Truncation at 253 bytes**: `patch.go:147` slices on bytes, not runes (safe for ASCII DNS names). Two DNS names sharing the first 253 characters after sanitization will map to the same listener name.
|
||||
|
||||
**Dead symbols in `patch.go`**
|
||||
`gatewayGroup` and `gatewayKind` are declared at `patch.go:16-17` but never referenced. They can be removed without effect.
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user