feat(go): M5.1 — hand-author /api/* wire types + JSON Schemas

Add internal/web/api package with Go structs for every /api/X route:
AdultsResponse, JuniorsResponse, PaymentsResponse, VersionResponse.
All fields carry explicit json: tags matching the Python view-model keys.

Key design choices:
- member_data / month_labels / raw_payments are nested objects (not
  the pre-serialised JSON strings used in Jinja templates)
- Expected{Value int; Unknown bool} with custom MarshalJSON emits int
  or the string "?" for junior single-attendance months
- RawTransaction covers the full 11-column payments sheet row

schemagen_test.go reflects all four response types via
github.com/invopop/jsonschema and golden-compares against committed
schemas in tests/fixtures/api-schema/. The JSONSchema() method on
Expected lives in the test file so the prod binary has no jsonschema
dependency.

Closes M5.1 in docs/plans/2026-05-03-2349-go-backend-rewrite-progress.md.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>

go/internal/web/api/adults.go

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package api
+
+// AdultsMonthData is the reconciled ledger for one adult member in one month.
+// Keys match Python's result["members"][name]["months"][YYYY-MM].
+type AdultsMonthData struct {
+	Expected         int             `json:"expected"`
+	OriginalExpected int             `json:"original_expected"`
+	AttendanceCount  int             `json:"attendance_count"`
+	Exception        *ExceptionData  `json:"exception"`
+	Paid             float64         `json:"paid"` // float: proportional allocator may produce fractional CZK
+	Transactions     []MemberTxEntry `json:"transactions"`
+}
+
+// AdultsMemberData is the reconciled ledger for one adult member.
+// Keys match Python's result["members"][name].
+type AdultsMemberData struct {
+	Tier              string                     `json:"tier"`
+	Months            map[string]AdultsMonthData `json:"months"` // YYYY-MM → month data
+	OtherTransactions []MemberOtherEntry         `json:"other_transactions"`
+	TotalBalance      int                        `json:"total_balance"`
+}
+
+// AdultsResponse is the JSON contract for GET /api/adults.
+// MemberData, MonthLabels, and RawPayments correspond to the Python view-model
+// fields member_data, month_labels_json, and raw_payments_json respectively,
+// but as nested objects rather than pre-serialised JSON strings.
+type AdultsResponse struct {
+	Months        []string                    `json:"months"`     // display labels
+	RawMonths     []string                    `json:"raw_months"` // "YYYY-MM"
+	Results       []MemberRow                 `json:"results"`
+	Totals        []TotalCell                 `json:"totals"`
+	MemberData    map[string]AdultsMemberData `json:"member_data"`  // name → ledger
+	MonthLabels   map[string]string           `json:"month_labels"` // YYYY-MM → display label
+	RawPayments   map[string][]RawTransaction `json:"raw_payments"` // name → raw sheet rows
+	Credits       []Credit                    `json:"credits"`
+	Debts         []Credit                    `json:"debts"`
+	Unmatched     []RawTransaction            `json:"unmatched"`
+	AttendanceURL string                      `json:"attendance_url"`
+	PaymentsURL   string                      `json:"payments_url"`
+	BankAccount   string                      `json:"bank_account"`
+	CurrentMonth  string                      `json:"current_month"`
+}

go/internal/web/api/juniors.go

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package api
+
+// JuniorsMonthData is the reconciled ledger for one junior member in one month.
+// expected and original_expected may be the "?" sentinel (single-attendance month
+// requiring manual review); they are carried via the Expected type.
+type JuniorsMonthData struct {
+	Expected         Expected        `json:"expected"`
+	OriginalExpected Expected        `json:"original_expected"`
+	AttendanceCount  int             `json:"attendance_count"`
+	Exception        *ExceptionData  `json:"exception"`
+	Paid             float64         `json:"paid"`
+	Transactions     []MemberTxEntry `json:"transactions"`
+}
+
+// JuniorsMemberData is the reconciled ledger for one junior member.
+type JuniorsMemberData struct {
+	Tier              string                      `json:"tier"`
+	Months            map[string]JuniorsMonthData `json:"months"`
+	OtherTransactions []MemberOtherEntry          `json:"other_transactions"`
+	TotalBalance      int                         `json:"total_balance"`
+}
+
+// JuniorsResponse is the JSON contract for GET /api/juniors.
+// Same outer shape as AdultsResponse; differs in that member_data carries
+// Expected (int or "?") for expected/original_expected fields.
+type JuniorsResponse struct {
+	Months        []string                     `json:"months"`
+	RawMonths     []string                     `json:"raw_months"`
+	Results       []MemberRow                  `json:"results"`
+	Totals        []TotalCell                  `json:"totals"`
+	MemberData    map[string]JuniorsMemberData `json:"member_data"`
+	MonthLabels   map[string]string            `json:"month_labels"`
+	RawPayments   map[string][]RawTransaction  `json:"raw_payments"`
+	Credits       []Credit                     `json:"credits"`
+	Debts         []Credit                     `json:"debts"`
+	Unmatched     []RawTransaction             `json:"unmatched"`
+	AttendanceURL string                       `json:"attendance_url"`
+	PaymentsURL   string                       `json:"payments_url"`
+	BankAccount   string                       `json:"bank_account"`
+	CurrentMonth  string                       `json:"current_month"`
+}

go/internal/web/api/payments.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package api
+
+// PaymentsResponse is the JSON contract for GET /api/payments.
+type PaymentsResponse struct {
+	GroupedPayments map[string][]RawTransaction `json:"grouped_payments"` // person name → rows
+	SortedPeople    []string                    `json:"sorted_people"`
+	AttendanceURL   string                      `json:"attendance_url"`
+	PaymentsURL     string                      `json:"payments_url"`
+}

go/internal/web/api/schemagen_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package api
+
+// schemagen_test.go generates and golden-compares JSON Schema files for every
+// /api/X response type.
+//
+// Normal run (CI): go test ./internal/web/api/... — asserts schemas match committed files.
+// Regenerate:      go test -run TestGenerateSchemas -update ./internal/web/api/...
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"flag"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/invopop/jsonschema"
+)
+
+var updateFlag = flag.Bool("update", false, "overwrite api-schema fixture files with freshly generated schemas")
+
+// JSONSchema makes Expected self-describing for the reflector at test time.
+// The method is in a test file and is not compiled into production binaries.
+// It emits oneOf [integer, "?"] to match the custom MarshalJSON behaviour.
+func (Expected) JSONSchema() *jsonschema.Schema {
+	return &jsonschema.Schema{
+		OneOf: []*jsonschema.Schema{
+			{Type: "integer"},
+			{Enum: []any{"?"}},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGenerateSchemas(t *testing.T) {
+	r := &jsonschema.Reflector{
+		AllowAdditionalProperties: false,
+	}
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name string
+		val  any
+	}{
+		{"adults", &AdultsResponse{}},
+		{"juniors", &JuniorsResponse{}},
+		{"payments", &PaymentsResponse{}},
+		{"version", &VersionResponse{}},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			schema := r.Reflect(tc.val)
+
+			got, err := json.MarshalIndent(schema, "", "  ")
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("marshal schema: %v", err)
+			}
+			got = append(got, '\n')
+
+			// Path: go/internal/web/api/ → ../../.. → go/ → tests/fixtures/api-schema/
+			path := filepath.Join("..", "..", "..", "tests", "fixtures", "api-schema", tc.name+".schema.json")
+
+			if *updateFlag {
+				if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(path), 0o755); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("mkdir: %v", err)
+				}
+				if err := os.WriteFile(path, got, 0o644); err != nil {
+					t.Fatalf("write schema: %v", err)
+				}
+				t.Logf("wrote %s", path)
+				return
+			}
+
+			want, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("read fixture %s: %v (re-run with -update to generate)", path, err)
+			}
+			if string(got) != string(want) {
+				t.Errorf("schema mismatch for %s; re-run with -update to regenerate", tc.name)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}

go/internal/web/api/types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+// Package api defines wire types for the JSON API contract (/api/...).
+// These structs have explicit json: tags matching the Python view-model dict
+// keys so that M5 parity tests can do byte-equal comparison between backends.
+//
+// The three Python template-only JSON-string fields (member_data,
+// month_labels_json, raw_payments_json) are represented here as nested objects;
+// the Python /api/X shadow endpoint strips the json.dumps wrappers before
+// serialising.
+package api
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+)
+
+// Expected holds a junior fee expectation: either a concrete integer or the
+// "?" sentinel (single-attendance month requiring manual review).
+// MarshalJSON emits the integer or the JSON string "?".
+type Expected struct {
+	Value   int
+	Unknown bool
+}
+
+func (e Expected) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	if e.Unknown {
+		return []byte(`"?"`), nil
+	}
+	return json.Marshal(e.Value)
+}
+
+func (e *Expected) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	if len(data) > 0 && data[0] == '"' {
+		var s string
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &s); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if s == "?" {
+			e.Unknown = true
+			return nil
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("api.Expected: unexpected string %q", s)
+	}
+	e.Unknown = false
+	return json.Unmarshal(data, &e.Value)
+}
+
+// ExceptionData is a manual fee override for one member in one month.
+type ExceptionData struct {
+	Amount int    `json:"amount"`
+	Note   string `json:"note"`
+}
+
+// MemberTxEntry is one payment allocation to a member+month, as stored in
+// member_data.months[YYYY-MM].transactions.
+type MemberTxEntry struct {
+	Amount     float64 `json:"amount"`
+	Date       string  `json:"date"`
+	Sender     string  `json:"sender"`
+	Message    string  `json:"message"`
+	Confidence string  `json:"confidence"`
+}
+
+// MemberOtherEntry is an "other:…" purpose payment allocated to a member.
+type MemberOtherEntry struct {
+	Amount     float64 `json:"amount"`
+	Date       string  `json:"date"`
+	Sender     string  `json:"sender"`
+	Message    string  `json:"message"`
+	Purpose    string  `json:"purpose"`
+	Confidence string  `json:"confidence"`
+}
+
+// RawTransaction is a full payments-sheet row.
+// Used for unmatched transactions and raw_payments groupings.
+// Columns match the sheet layout: Date|Amount|manual fix|Person|Purpose|
+// Inferred Amount|Sender|VS|Message|Bank ID|Sync ID.
+type RawTransaction struct {
+	Date           string  `json:"date"`
+	Amount         float64 `json:"amount"`
+	ManualFix      string  `json:"manual_fix"`
+	Person         string  `json:"person"`
+	Purpose        string  `json:"purpose"`
+	InferredAmount float64 `json:"inferred_amount"`
+	Sender         string  `json:"sender"`
+	VS             string  `json:"vs"`
+	Message        string  `json:"message"`
+	BankID         string  `json:"bank_id"`
+	SyncID         string  `json:"sync_id"`
+}
+
+// MonthCell is one cell in a member's month column on the dashboard.
+type MonthCell struct {
+	Text       string `json:"text"`
+	Overridden bool   `json:"overridden"`
+	Status     string `json:"status"` // "empty"|"ok"|"partial"|"unpaid"|"surplus"
+	Amount     int    `json:"amount"`
+	Month      string `json:"month"`     // display label, e.g. "Apr+May 2025"
+	RawMonth   string `json:"raw_month"` // "YYYY-MM"
+	Tooltip    string `json:"tooltip"`
+}
+
+// TotalCell is one cell in the monthly totals row.
+type TotalCell struct {
+	Text   string `json:"text"`
+	Status string `json:"status"`
+}
+
+// MemberRow is one member's summary row in the dashboard results table.
+type MemberRow struct {
+	Name             string      `json:"name"`
+	Months           []MonthCell `json:"months"`
+	Balance          int         `json:"balance"`
+	UnpaidPeriods    string      `json:"unpaid_periods"`
+	RawUnpaidPeriods string      `json:"raw_unpaid_periods"`
+	PayableAmount    int         `json:"payable_amount"`
+}
+
+// Credit is one entry in the credits or debts lists.
+type Credit struct {
+	Name   string `json:"name"`
+	Amount int    `json:"amount"`
+}

go/internal/web/api/version.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package api
+
+// VersionResponse is the JSON contract for GET /api/version.
+// Keys match Python's BUILD_META dict (see app.py).
+type VersionResponse struct {
+	Tag       string `json:"tag"`
+	Commit    string `json:"commit"`
+	BuildDate string `json:"build_date"`
+}